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제목	<한방/안과> 색맹과 색약의 한방 치료 #2

오늘은 저번 시간에 이어 색맹과 색약에 대해 좀더 자세히 설명드리고 한의학적인 치료법에 대해 말씀 드리겠습니다.

색맹은 일반적으로 전색맹(全色盲), 부분색맹(部分色盲), 색약(色弱)으로 나누는 경우가 보통입니다. 전색맹은 색의 구별이 전혀 되지 않아서 마치 정상인이 흑백 영화나 TV를 보는 듯 사물을 보게 되며 명도 차이에 의한 명암만을 식별할 수 있습니다. 그러나 이러한 전색맹자는 인구 10만 명 당 1명 비율로 나타나게 됩니다. 대개는 약시를 동반하고 있으며 시력은 보통 0.1 이하입니다. 이러한 경우는 원추 세포의 기능은 거의 없고 명암만을 인지하는 간상 세포의 기능만이 존재하여 색감은 인지할 수 없으나 명암만으로 구분할 수 있게 되는 것입니다.

부분색맹은 일정한 색만을 느끼고 다른 색은 감지할 수 없는 경우를 말합니다. 제1색맹을 적색맹, 제2색맹을 녹색맹, 제3색맹을 청황색맹이라 합니다. 제1색맹과 제2색맹을 합해 적록색맹이라 부르며 색맹자의 대부분이 바로 적록색맹자입니다. 적록색맹은 붉은색과 녹색이 황색으로 보이는 경향이 있어, 붉은색과 녹색, 황색의 구별이 잘 안되게 됩니다.

색약은 색맹과는 달리 색깔을 완전히 볼 수 없는 경우가 아니라 색깔을 볼 수는 있지만 붉은색 혹은 녹색 등의 색이 다른 색과 섞여 있거나 색이 진하지 않을 때 색을 느끼기 어려운 경우를 말합니다. 그러므로 색약은 그 정도에 따라 개인별로 천차만별의 상태라 하겠습니다. 그러나 색약은 완전히 색을 인식하지 못하는 것이 아니므로 정상적인 생활을 할 수 있으며 생활에 큰 불편을 느끼지 못합니다.

색맹환자의 대부분은 선천적이므로 그 결함을 스스로 인식하지 못하고, 자기 나름대로 녹색 또는 붉은색을 인지하고 있기 때문에 일상생활에는 별 지장이 없지만, 직업의 선택에 있어서 특히 교통 ·운수 관계나, 여러 가지 미묘한 색을 분별해야 하는 직종(디자이너 ·화가 ·과학자 ·의사 등)에는 부적당합니다. 특히 사관학교나 경찰 대학으로 진학하고자 하는 학생들이나 준비생의 경우 입학의 제한이 있어 자신의 포부를 이루는데에도 어려움을 호소하고 있습니다. 반면 선천성의 색각 이상에 대한 치료법에는 약물요법 ·필터 사용(최근에는 콘택트렌즈에도 사용) ·보정연습(補正練習) 등이 있지만 어느 것이나 아직 확립되어 있지는 않아 치료법은 없다고 해도 과언이 아닙니다.

색맹 치료만을 해온 어느 한 한의사의 보고에 따르면 1,800명의 색맹 환자 중 1,152명(64%)이 정상화 되었으며, 612명(34%)이 색약화(色弱化)로 개선되었고 36명(2%)이 5일 미만의 시술을 받다가 중도포기하거나 거부했다고 합니다. 색약화(34%)의 경우 환자 대부분이 일상생활과 취업, 진학 등에 지장이 없으므로 치료를 더 이상 받지 않는 예가 많은 것으로 보인다고 합니다. 색맹환자를 색약화시키는 데는 평균 15일이 걸렸으며, 정상화에는 최소한 30일 이상의 치료를 요하는 것으로 나타났다고 합니다. 일반적으로 색맹 치료의 경우 녹색맹은 100회, 적색맹은 200회의 침 치료를 받아야 합니다. 그러므로 색맹 환자들에게 한의학적 치료를 시행하면 대부분의 경우 최소한의 색감에 대한 감수성 향상을 기대할 수 있습니다. 따라서 색맹은 그 감수성의 역치가 낮은 것이 유전이 된다고 할 수 있으나 치료가 완전히 불가능한 것은 아님을 알 수 있습니다.

한의학에서 고전에 해당되는 <內經靈樞>에 보면 ‘간의 기운은 눈에 나타나는데, 간이 건강해야 눈이 색깔을 잘 구분할 수 있다(肝氣通於目肝和則目能辨五色矣)’라는 대목이 나오는데 이는 눈이 간장(肝臟)과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것을 기록하고 있습니다. 실제 색맹의 치료는 간과 그 부속 장기인 담(膽)의 기능을 활성화시켜 주며, 눈으로 기운이 잘 통하도록 하여서 치료를 하게 됩니다.

음치(音癡)란 음악을 접할 때 정상적인 음계를 발성하지 못하여 혼란을 일으키는 것을 말합니다. 그러나 이러한 사람들도 음감을 높이는 지도와 훈련을 반복하면 정상적인 음감을 획득하여 정상인과 같이 발성을 할 수 있습니다. 이와 마찬가지로 색맹도 색치(色癡)라고 할 수 있는데 음치와 마찬가지로 색깔에 대한 감수성이 개발이 되지 않은 상태라고 할 수 있습니다. 그러므로 색감에 대한 감수성을 높이는 치료와 훈련을 거듭해서 그 능력을 획득한 이후에는 다시 그 능력을 상실하지 않는 것입니다. 그러므로 ‘색맹은 불치가 아니라 난치일 뿐이며’ 한의학적으로 치료 될 수 있는 질환이라고 하겠습니다.


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4	<한의학/일반> 색맹에 관하여 단일 기사 정리	2004/08/11	6114

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1	<한방/안과> 색맹(色盲)은 불치가 아니다 (문답 형태) [682]	2003/10/20	11559


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