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제목	목돈으로 빚 갚을까 투자할까

재작년에 집을 사면서 최초주택구입자금대출을 받아 현재 매월 이자만 납부하고 있습니다. 이번에 다니던 회사에서 퇴직금 중간정산을 실시해 약 5000만원의 목돈이 들어올 예정입니다. 이 자금으로 대출금을 갚는 것이 나을지 아니면, 대출 이율도 싸니까 대출금 상환 대신 다른 데 투자를 할지 고민 중입니다.

많은 사람들이 대출문제와 관련하여 고민하고 있고 대출금 상환을 당면 목표로 삼고 있지만 막상 대출을 상환할 수 있는 목돈이 생긴다면 한 번쯤 갈등을 하게 됩니다. 특히 상대적으로 금리가 낮은 주택담보대출을 사용하고 있는 경우라면 이러한 갈등은 더 커집니다. 투자를 통해 조금만 수익을 내더라도 대출이자 정도는 충분히 제하고도 남을 것으로 느껴지기 때문입니다. 그러면 얼마나 수익을 올려야 대출상환보다 유리해 지는지 살펴보겠습니다.

생애최초주택구입자금대출은 연 6%라는 상대적으로 저렴한 대출이자를 부담하고 있습니다. 매달 지출한 대출이자는 장기대출(상환기간 10년 이상)에 해당해 근로소득자의 경우 연말정산에서 소득공제를 받을 수가 있습니다. 연 소득이 대략 2000만원에서 6000만원 정도인 근로소득자의 경우 부담하는 소득세율이 19.8%가 적용되므로 소득공제를 통한 세금환급분을 감안한다면 실제 부담하는 대출이율은 약 4.8%로 낮아지게 됩니다.

이렇게 실제 부담하는 대출이율을 계산한 다음 여기에 다음의 두 가지 사항을 감안해야 목표로 하는 투자수익을 계산할 수 있습니다.

하나는 대출이자는 매월 지급하는 데 비해 투자수익은 만기가 될 때 한꺼번에 받게 된다는 점입니다. 같은 금리조건이라면 만기에 한꺼번에 받는 이자가 매월 지급하는 대출이자보다 작다는 것을 감안해야 하므로 실제 부담하는 대출이율이 연 4.8%일 경우 투자수익률은 그 이상이 되어야 합니다.

다른 한 가지는 세금부담입니다. 금융상품에 투자하는 경우에는 특별한 비과세상품에 대한 투자가 아니라면 발생한 수익에 대해 이자소득세를 차감하게 됩니다. 그렇기 때문에 투자수익은 세전 수익이 아닌 세후 실질수익이 얼마인가를 가지고 따져봐야 합니다. 이 두 가지 사항을 감안해서 다시 비교해 보면, 질문하신 경우에는 연 5.9%(세전)의 수익률을 올려야만 비로소 대출상환보다 투자를 하는 것이 더 유리해지는 것을 알 수 있습니다.

또 만약 실질 대출이율이 연 6%라면 이에 상응하는 투자수익률은 7.4% 이상, 대출이율이 연 7%라면 투자수익률은 8.7% 이상을 달성해야만 이득이 됩니다. 이런 방식으로 목표수익률을 따져보고 투자를 통한 기대수익률이 목표수익률 이하라면 대출금을 먼저 갚는 것이 더 유리합니다.

(한상언·신한은행 재테크팀장 hans03@shinhan.com )


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